TOPIC:

Can anyone help suggest a method that our office can use to calculate quarter quarter sections for our archaeological survey projects? Currently I do them by hand, but I would like to find a way to calculate them based off the point or polygon through ArcMap. Most of our projects take place in Oklahoma.

Are you attempting to dynamically call for "which quarter quarter section is this point or polygon within?" Or attempting to calculate acreage values of various portions of the section(s) that your point/polygon resides within?

Thanks,

Both, I need to be able to calculate the legal description of a polygon as well as to be able to locate an area based off the legal description (strictly plss, no lots or anything).

The modus operandi for government organizations is BLM's PLSS GIS data available from:

catalog.data.gov/dataset?tags=plss

The data download contains Township/Range, Section, and qtr-qtr lines.

Hope this helps.

Within the data-set you will notice abnormalities within the grid, such as government lots (L1, L2, L3), and funky shaped parcels in addition to the typical NW/SW, SW/SW...there is no perfect qtr-qtr grid. The shape of the earth doesn't allow for uniformity in size, and sometimes the PLSS survey had to work around what was already legally documented.
Probably a better explanation for this can be found here:
data.doi.gov/dataset/cadnsdi-plss-second-division-polygon
This site also contains the latest updates to the PLSS.
navigator.blm.gov/data?keyword=814d77043e0d8d17